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1 préparer
préparer [pʀepaʀe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verbb. [+ examen] to study forc. ( = habituer, entraîner) préparer qn à qch/à faire qch to prepare sb for sth/to do sthd. ( = réserver) préparer qch à qn to have sth in store for sb2. reflexive verbb. ( = approcher) [orage] to be brewing* * *pʀepaʀe
1.
1) ( apprêter) to prepare [affaires, chambre, cours, loi, plat, surprise] ( pour for); to get [something] ready [vêtements, outils, dossier] ( pour for); to prepare, to plan [réunion, spectacle]; to plan [vacances, avenir]; to prepare for [rentrée]; to draw up [projet]; to hatch [complot]; to prepare, to lay [piège]il est en train de préparer le dîner — he's getting dinner ready, he's fixing dinner US
préparer le terrain — fig to prepare the ground
2) ( mettre en condition) to prepare [personne, pays, économie] (à for)3) École, Université to prepare for, to study for [examen, concours]4) Technologie to dress [laine, cuir]5) Culinaire to dress [poisson, volaille]
2.
se préparer verbe pronominal1) ( s'apprêter) [personne] to get ready2) ( se mettre en condition) to prepare (à for)3) ( être imminent) [orage, malheurs] to be brewing; [changements] to be in the offingil se prépare quelque chose de louche — something fishy (colloq) is going on
4) ( faire pour soi)se préparer une tasse de thé — to make ou fix US oneself a cup of tea
* * *pʀepaʀe vt1) [café, petit-déjeuner] to make, to prepareJe vais préparer le café. — I'll make the coffee.
2) [repas] to make, to cookElle prépare le dîner. — She's making dinner., She's cooking dinner.
3) [voyage, entreprise] to planpréparer qch à qn [surprise] — to plan sth for sb
4)préparer qn à [nouvelle] — to prepare sb for
5) [examen] to prepare forLaure prépare son examen d'économie. — Laure's preparing for her economics exam.
* * *préparer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( apprêter) to prepare [affaires, chambre, cours, loi, discours, plat, surprise] (pour for); to get [sth] ready [vêtements, outils, dossier, documents] (pour for); to prepare, to plan [réunion, campagne électorale, spectacle]; to plan [vacances, avenir]; to prepare for [rentrée, transition]; to draw up [projet]; to hatch [complot]; to prepare, to lay [piège]; il est en train de préparer le dîner he's getting dinner ready, he's fixing dinner US; préparer le terrain fig to prepare the ground; il est en train de préparer un mauvais coup he's cooking something up○; il prépare un livre/un disque pour l'année prochaine he's working on a book to be published/a record to be released next year; tu me prépareras mon costume pour demain? would you get my suit ready for tomorrow?; des plats préparés ready-to-eat meals; je me demande ce que l'avenir nous prépare I wonder what the future has in store for us; il a l'air bizarre en ce moment, je me demande ce qu'il nous prépare he's been acting oddly recently, I wonder what he's up to; toutes ces grèves, ça nous prépare une belle pagaille○! with all these strikes we're in for complete chaos!; il nous prépare une bonne grippe○ he's coming down with the flu; préparer ses effets [comédien, orateur] to time one's effects;2 ( mettre en condition) to prepare [personne, pays, économie] (à for); préparer qn à un examen to prepare sb for an exam; préparer qn à une épreuve sportive to coach sb for a (sports) competition; être bien/mal préparé à qch to be well-/ill-prepared for sth; l'éducation devrait préparer à la vie education should be a preparation for life; essaie de la préparer avant de lui annoncer la nouvelle try and break the news to her gently; préparer qn à faire to prepare sb to do; ses parents ne l'ont pas préparé à affronter le monde extérieur his parents did not prepare him for the world;3 Scol, Univ to prepare for, to study for [examen, concours]; il prépare une école d'ingénieurs he's studying for the engineering school entrance examinations;4 Tech to dress [laine, cuir];5 Culin to dress [poisson, volaille].B se préparer vpr1 ( s'apprêter) [personne] to get ready (pour qch for sth; à faire to do); je me préparais à sortir quand le téléphone a sonné I was just getting ready to go out when the phone rang; l'armée se prépare à envahir le pays voisin the army is getting ready ou gearing up○ to invade the neighbouringGB country;2 ( se mettre en condition) to prepare (à for); l'athlète s'est préparé pour la course the athlete prepared for ou trained for the race; se préparer pour un examen to prepare for ou study for an exam; se préparer à qch/à faire qch to prepare for sth/to do sth; se préparer au pire to prepare for the worst; je ne m'étais pas préparé à cette éventualité I was not prepared for this to happen; prépare-toi à recevoir une mauvaise nouvelle prepare yourself for some bad news; la population se prépare à passer un rude hiver the people are preparing for a harsh winter;3 ( être imminent) [orage, malheurs, troubles] to be brewing; [changements] to be in the offing; un remaniement ministériel se prépare a cabinet reshuffle is in the offing; un coup d'État se prépare dans le pays a coup d'état is imminent in the country; il se prépare quelque chose de louche something fishy○ is going on;4 ( faire pour soi) se préparer une tasse de thé/de la soupe to make ou fix US oneself a cup of tea/some soup.[prepare] verbe transitif1. [réaliser - plat] to prepare, to make ; [ - sandwich] to prepare, to make ; [ - médicament, cataplasme] to prepare2. [rendre prêt - valise] to pack ; [ - repas, chambre, champ] to prepare, to get ready ; [ - peaux, laine] to dress ; [ - document] to prepare, to draw up (separable)préparez la monnaie, s'il vous plaît please have change readyplats tout préparés precooked ou ready-cooked mealspoulet tout préparé oven-ready ou dressed chickena. (sens propre) to prepare the ground ou to lay the ground (for)elle avait préparé sa réponse she'd got her ou an answer ready4. [travailler à - œuvre] to be preparing, to be working on ; [ - examen] to be preparing for ; [ - épreuve sportive] to be in training foril prépare une grande école he's studying for the entrance exam to a `Grande École'5. [former - élève] to prepare ; [ - athlète] to train6. [habituer] to accustom————————se préparer verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)1. [s'apprêter] to get readyle temps qu'elle se prépare, on aura raté la séance by the time she's ready, we'll have missed the show2. [s'entraîner] to trainse préparer pour Roland-Garros to train ou to prepare for the French Open tennis tournament————————se préparer verbe pronominal intransitif————————se préparer verbe pronominal transitif————————se préparer à verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [être disposé à] to be ready ou prepared for2. [être sur le point de] to be about to -
2 Elitism
In spite of the national commitment to the principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, France remains marked by traditions of elitism that are ingrained in the very fibre of society. The French Revolution was supposed to have done away with privileges and elites, and usher in an age of greater equality; in the event, it - and subsequent upheavals - changed the nature of the elites in France, without making a great impact on the underlying system. Indeed, the notion of 'republican elites' is one that was fundamental in the shaping of post-Revolutionary France.In terms of local power, the role of local notables - important figures - remains strong. Notables frequently fulfil multiple roles in local administration and structures, sometimes combining these with elected positions on a regional or national scale, giving them and their close supporters a considerable degree of power. (See Cumul des mandats). They are frequently referred to as les elites locales. The process of devolution in France, set in motion in 1982, has had the effect of strengthening the power base of local elites.The French education system, while offering a good quality non-selective education to all children at lower levels, is increasingly elitist towards the top, particularly when it comes to preparing for higher education. Manyclasses préparatoires, particularly those preparing students for entrance to the top institutions of higher education, called Grandes Ecoles, are very selective, and the selection process - and for that matter the system itself - often disfavours students from humble or poorer backgrounds. The Grandes Ecoles themselves, tailor-made to the needs of the nation, train the future leaders and decision makers in specific fields of the public or private sector, producing very close networks of former students, that make the British concept of the "old-boy network" seem rather informal.Places in the top grandes écoles and some other institutions are highly sought after, as graduates from these schools are seen in France as a sort of caste, membership of which is highly recommended, if not essential, for anyone wanting to reach the top. The classic example of this is the ENA, Ecole Normale d'Administration, the Grande Ecole designed to train top civil servants and future political leaders. In the corridors of French power, many if not most of the top positions are occupied by Enarques, graduates of the ENA. In 1967, Jean-Pierre Chevènement - himself an Enarque, and later to be Minister of the Interior under François Mitterrand - coined the word Enarchie, to define the French system of state elites.As for business elites, a 2006 review in the Economist observed that they "often seem to owe more allegiance to the group from which they are drawn than to the international corporations they work for."Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Elitism
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3 aménagement du territoire
- региональное планирование
- планирование и управление землепользованием
- планирование землепользования
- планирование земель
планирование земель
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
land planning
The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially regions valued for natural resources, utilized as agricultural resources or considered for human settlement. (Source: RHW)
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планирование землепользования
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land use planning
The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned. (Source: UNUN)
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планирование и управление землепользованием
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land management and planning
Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land. (Source: GOOD)
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региональное планирование
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land setup
The formulation of regional objectives, plans and programmes and the harmonization of the regional effects of sectorial planning. (Source: ECHO2)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > aménagement du territoire
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4 math
plural feminine noun• être en math sup to be in the first year advanced maths class preparing for the Grandes Écoles• être en math spé to be in the second year advanced maths class preparing for the Grandes Écoles* * *mat nfplmaths Grande-Bretagne math USA* * *math○ nfpl1 = maths;2 ⇒ mathématique.[mat] nom féminin→ link=maths maths -
5 hypokhâgne
hypokhâgne [ipɔkaɲ]feminine nounpreparatory course for the École normale supérieure → GRANDES ÉCOLES → CLASSES PRÉPARATOIRES → CONCOURS* * *ipɔkaɲnom féminin students' slang first year preparatory class in humanities for entrance to École normale supérieure* * *ipɔkaɲ nffirst year of preparatory course for arts section of the École normale supérieure* * *hypokhâgne nf students' slang first year preparatory class in humanities for entrance to École normale supérieure.[ipɔkaɲ] nom féminin(argot scolaire) 1st year of a two-year Arts course, preparing for entrance to the École normale supérieure -
6 préparatifs
préparatifs [pʀepaʀatif]plural masculine nounpreparations (de for)* * *pʀepaʀatifnom masculin pluriel preparations (de for)* * *pʀepaʀatif nmpl* * *préparatifs nmpl preparations (de for).[preparatif] nom masculin plurielpréparatifs de départ/guerre preparations for leaving/war -
7 prépa
refers to an intensive two-year post- baccalauréat course of study, usually provided in a lycée and working towards the competitive entrance examinations or concours by which candidates are selected for admission to a grande école. grande école* * *prépa○ nf students' slang preparatory classes for entrance to the Grandes Écoles.ⓘ Prépa refers to an intensive two-year post- baccalauréat course of study, usually provided in a lycée and working towards the competitive entrance examinations or concours by which candidates are selected for admission to a grande école.. ⇒ école -
8 khâgne
kaɲ nfsecond year of preparatory course for arts section of the École normale supérieure* * *khâgne○ nf students' slang second year preparatory class in humanities for entrance to École Normale Supérieure.[kaɲ] nom féminin(argot scolaire) second year of a two-year Arts course preparing for entrance to the École normale supérieure -
9 taupe
taupe [top]feminine nouna. ( = animal, espion) moleb. ( = classe) (inf) advanced maths class preparing for the grandes écoles → GRANDES ÉCOLES* * *top1) Zoologie mole2) ( peau) moleskinen taupe — moleskin (épith)
3) (colloq) ( femme désagréable) pejune vieille taupe — an old bag (colloq) péj
4) (colloq) ( espion) mole* * *top nf1) (= animal) mole2) fig (= personne) mole3) (= peau) moleskin* * *taupe nf1 Zool mole;4 ○( espion) mole;5 ○ Univ second year preparatory class in mathematics and science for entrance to Grandes Écoles;6 Gén Civ tunnel borer;7 ⇒ Les couleurs ( couleur) taupe.[top] nom féminin[poisson] porbeagle2. [fourrure] moleskin3. (très familier & argot scolaire) second year of a two-year entrance course for the Science sections of the Grandes Écoles4. (très familier & argot militaire) sapper5. (familier) [agent secret] mole -
10 cornichon
cornichon [kɔʀni∫ɔ̃]masculine noun* * *kɔʀniʃɔ̃nom masculin1) Botanique, Culinaire gherkin2) (colloq) ( idiot) nitwit (colloq)* * *kɔʀniʃɔ̃ nm1) (= condiment) gherkin2) péjoratif twit* * *cornichon nm2 ○( personne) idiot, nitwit○;3 ○ students' slang student preparing for the entrance examination for Saint-Cyr.[kɔrniʃɔ̃] nom masculin1. [légume] gherkin[condiment] (pickled) gherkin -
11 taupin
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12 capacitaire
[kapasitɛr] nom masculin et féminin1. [diplômé]holder of the "capacité en droit" qualification2. [étudiant]student preparing for the "capacité en droit" examination -
13 maths sup/spé
first/second year of a two-year science course preparing for entrance to the Grandes Écoles -
14 maths
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15 mathématiques
matematiknom féminin pluriel mathematics (+ v sg)* * *matematik nfplmathematics sg* * *[matematik] nom féminin plurielmathematics (singulier)mathématiques appliquées/pures applied/pure mathematicsMathématiques supérieures/spécialesfirst/second year of a two-year science course preparing for entrance to the Grandes Écoles -
16 vampiriser
vampiriser [vɑ̃piʀize]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb* * *vɑ̃piʀize1) lit to suck the lifeblood from2) fig to cannibalize* * *vɑ̃piʀize vt* * *vampiriser verb table: aimer vtr to suck the lifeblood from.[vɑ̃pirize] verbe transitif1. [suj: vampire] to suck the blood ofayant vampirisé la presse écrite, il s'attaque maintenant à la télévision having subjugated the print media, he's now preparing for an assault on television -
17 organisation de l'espace aérien
аэрокосмическое планирование
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
airspace planning
The activity of organizing or preparing for transportation through the atmosphere above earth's surface. (Source: RHW)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > organisation de l'espace aérien
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18 planification urbaine
городское планирование
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urban planning
The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future lay-out and condition of a city or town. (Source: RHW)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > planification urbaine
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19 planification et développement urbain
городское планирование и развитие
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urban planning and development
The activity or process of preparing for the future arrangement and condition of an urban center, particularly the development of its physical lay-out, which would include the construction, reconstruction, conversion, alteration or enlargement of buildings and other structures, and the extension or use of undeveloped land. (Source: RHW / ELD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > planification et développement urbain
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20 planification de l'itinéraire
планирование маршрутов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
route planning
The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the construction of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other roads. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > planification de l'itinéraire
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